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  • HOME
    • Privacy Policy
    • Cookie Policy
    • Terms & Conditions
    • Copyright
  • Most Popular Pages/Articles
  • HISTORY
    • How Did Lincoln Get Its Name
    • Timeline of Lincoln's History
      • 48 A.D. to 410 A.D. Roman Period
      • 410 A.D. To 850 A.D. Early Medieval
      • 850 A.D. to 1350 A.D. High Medieval
      • 1350 A.D. to 1750 A.D. Early Modern
      • 1750 A.D. to 1945 A.D. Industrial
    • The Romans
    • The Danes
    • Conflict in Lincoln
      • The Battle of Lincoln
      • The Battle of Lincoln Fair
      • The Civil War
    • Lincoln's Reformation
    • 1790 Poll Book
    • Lincoln in 1810
    • The By-Election of 1823
    • Lincoln in 1855
    • 1903 Horse Fair
  • PEOPLE
    • Business & Professional
      • Akrill to Brogden
      • Brook to Dashper
      • Dickinson to Dyke
      • Ellison
      • Folley to Gresham
      • Hall to Hill
      • Hughes to Nelson
      • Newsum to Porter
      • Pratt to Seeley
      • Shuttleworth to Watkins
      • Watkins to Woodcook
      • Wriglesworth to Wyatt
    • City Mayors
      • 1314 to 1500
      • 1501 to 1700
      • 1701 to 1900
      • 1901 to
    • Architects
    • Bishops of Lincoln
    • Royal Visitors
    • Leonard James Keyworth, V.C.
    • James Anderton
    • Caroline Martyn
    • Lincoln Characters
    • The Italian Stone Man
    • They Gave Their Lives
    • Population
      • Population 1801 to 1901
      • Acreage and Population of Lincolnshire 1801 and 1871
    • Memories of Lincoln
  • PLACES
    • Street Names
      • 1872 Lincoln Street Directory
      • 1872 LIncoln Trade & Professional Directory
    • Domestic Buildings
      • Atton Place
      • Jews Court
      • Bracebridge Hall
        • Bracebridge Hall Club
      • Beaumont House
      • High Bridge
    • The Lost Houses of Lincoln
      • Boultham Hall
      • Cold Bath House
      • Eastcliffe House
      • Eastgate House
      • Hartsholme Hall
      • Monks Manor
      • Monks Tower
      • Sibthorp House
      • The Old House on Corporation Street
    • Places to visit in Lincoln
      • More Places to Visit in Lincoln
      • Around Lincoln
    • Religious Buildings
      • Lincoln Cathedral
      • The Churches
        • St Benedict and Old Kate
        • St Peter at Arches and St Giles Church
        • Lincoln Churches at the Reformation
      • The Close
      • The Priories & Friaries
      • The Malandry
      • Greestone Stairs
    • Entertainment
      • Lincolns Lost Cinemas
      • More Lost Cinemas
      • Pub, Inns, Hotels of Lincoln
        • The Dolphins
      • Horse Racing
      • Usher Gallery & Temple Gardens.
    • Other Buildings
      • Half Timbered Lincoln
      • Lincoln Castle
      • Lincoln's Gates
      • Lincoln Lunatic Asylum
      • The Bridge of Sighs
      • The Stonebow & Guildhall
    • Open Spaces
      • The Arboretum
      • The South Common
      • Boultham Park
      • Hartsholme Country Park
      • Steep Hill
      • Witham Valley Country Park
      • The Hidden Necropolis
    • Buildings of Local Importance
    • Lincoln's Listed Buildings
  • COMPANIES
    • Akrill to Penney
      • Akrill, Ruddock & Keyworth
      • Charles Duckering Ltd
      • Clarkes Crank & Forge
      • Clayton, Shuttleworth & Co
      • Doughty, Son & Richardson Ltd
      • F P Watson
      • H Newsum & Sons Ltd
      • Henry Poppleton & Sons
      • James Dawson & Son Ltd
      • John Cooke & Son (Lincoln) Limited
      • Lincoln Gas, Light and Coke Co
      • Mawer & Collingham
      • Penney & Co
    • Penney Porter to W Rainforth
      • Penney & Porter (1932) Ltd
      • JTB Porter & Co
      • R M Wright & Co Ltd
      • Robey
      • Ruston, Proctor & Co
      • Ruston & Hornsby Ltd
      • W Foster & Co
      • W Rainforth & Sons Ltd
      • More Companies
    • Old Adverts
      • 1853 Adverts
      • 1885 Adverts
      • 1901 Adverts
      • 1919 Adverts
      • 1941 Adverts
  • TRANSPORT
    • Foss Dyke
    • Mail Coach to London
    • The Horse Trams
    • The Electric Trams
  • WHAT THEY SAY
    • Quotes From the Famous
    • An American Tourists Perspective
    • Nathaniel Hawthorne
    • City of My Dreams
  • USEFUL LINKS
    • Local Links
    • UK Links
    • Events In Lincoln
    • Facebook Pages & Groups
    • Photographic Links
  • MAPS, IMAGES & VIDEOS
    • Photo Galleries
      • Greyfriars
      • Some Less Notable Buildings
      • More Less Notable Buildings
      • Look Up, Look Down, Look Around
    • A High Street Journey
    • A Journey Around Brayford Pool
    • Old Images of Lincoln
      • High Street, High Bridge and Stonebow
      • Lincoln's Waterside
      • Brayford
      • High Street - St Benedicts Square to St Mary Street
      • Steep Hill & Strait
      • Broadgate
      • The Bail
      • Lincoln Cathedral
      • Waterside - Stamp End
      • Silver Street
    • Lincoln Videos
    • Maps
      • Map Of Roman Lincoln
      • Lincoln in 12th c
      • Map of the Battle of Lincoln
      • Lincoln Map 1722
      • Lincoln Map 1779
      • Lincoln Map 1882
      • LIncoln Map 1898
      • Lincoln Map Early 20th Century
  • BOOKS ABOUT LINCOLN
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  • LINCOLNSHIRE
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Fossdyke Canal

Picture
The Foss Dyke at Lincoln, linear moorings.
The Foss Dyke is 11 miles long, from Torksey on the river Trent to the Brayford in the centre of Lincoln; it is the oldest canal in Britain, however, we do not know for sure how old it is.  Sometime before 1774 a small bronze figure of Mars was found in the Foss Dyke at Torksey; this discovery dated it as Roman.  
"The Romans conducted the outlet of the Foss-dyke between two little hills, into an angle of the Trent. It went originally straight forwards through the river into the marshes, which are chiefly made since that time by accretion of sand."
(Dr. Stukeley, in a letter to Dr. Gale, dated August 2, 1735.)

It was reputedly used by the Danes when they invaded England and by the Normans to carry stone to build Lincoln Cathedral in the 11th century.  

But the earliest mention of the canal is in the  year 1121, in Symeon of Durham's, Historia Regium : "In the same year, king Henry cut a large canal from Torksey to Lincoln, and by causing the River Trent to flow into it, he made it navigable for vessels."  The absence of any other documentary evidence indicates that the Canal was built during the reign of Henry I.  

The Romans may have built a canal from Torksey to Hardwick, at the centre of a large Roman farm; this canal was probably enlarged during Henry I's reign.

The Foss Dyke enabled Lincoln and the Fens of Lincolnshire to communicate with Gainsborough and Hull, and with the Ouse and York.

Over the centuries the canal went into decline due to lack of maintenance.   Katherine Swynford, who lived at Kettlethorpe near to the canal, is credited with having organized a protest to repair it, in 1375. The canal continued to deteriorated, until by the 17th century it was virtually impassable. 

"1518, 10 June.  A collection begins to be made towards the cleansing and repairing of the Foss-dyke, for which the King has sent down his commission.  [The work was found to involve more cost than it proved easy to discharge, and on 14 Dec. it is reported that the Bishop of Lincoln had issued a commission to all curates and others in his diocese for aid, and granted pardon to all them that helped in the same, and collectors are appointed in consequence to ride to divers towns.  Collections continued to be made for a long time, including York and Hull in their range.]"

1571 24 March  Where[as] within the county of Lincoln, timber, wood, coal, turf and other necessaries have been almost clearly felled, taken away, consumed and spent by many greedy persons, owners of the same since the dissolution of the late religious houses, to the great decay of the poor ancient city of Lincoln, formerly served out of the said county with these necessaries for the relief of the said city and for setting the poor people on work; and for that there is yet some plenty of timber, &c. within the counties of Nottingham, Derby and York next adjoining, whence the said poor city could be well served if the same could be brought by water; [it is desired] that an Act of Parliament may be made for a commission to assess all persons within seven miles of the city for the dyking, cleansing and scouring of Foss-dyke, in order that sufficient water may be brought from the Trent to bring the said timber, 
etc. 

King James I transferred ownership of the canal to the Corporation of Lincoln.
In 1671, during the reign of Charles II, Lincoln obtained an Act which authorised improvements from Boston to the Trent. Work was carried out on the Fossdyke, but only the first 100 yards (91 m) of the Witham, from Brayford Pool to High Bridge, received attention.  The work was carried out by Samuel Fortrey, a man with previous experience of draining the fens. He was required to bear some of the cost himself, in exchange for some of the profits. The work was completed in 1672, and included a navigable sluice or lock at Torksey, which had first been proposed by Simon Hill in 1632.  Warehouses and wharves were built at Brayford Pool, but by 1717, passage from Torksey was again difficult. Coal traffic averaged 1,357 tons per year, bound for Lincoln, but tolls were insufficient to finance repairs. The city of Lincoln did not have the expertise to manage the waterway, and so leased it to Richard Ellison in 1741, who had experience with the River Don Navigation. He paid £75 per year for a navigation which generated around £100 in toll receipts. He dredged it to provide 3.5 feet (1.1 m) of depth, and re-opened it in 1744. Two years later, the tolls we-re £595, and continued to increase. Under his son, the tolls were £2,367 in 1789, while his grandson collected £5,159 in 1811.
1685 July 21.—Whereas for these several years now last past it hath been a custom in this city for the mayor elect and the two sheriffs elect severally to make and give a treat or banqueting on every Holy Rood day, being Sept. 14, presently after they were elected, and the said treat or banquetting not only being a great trouble and charge, and several abuses and misdemeanours committed on that day by the freemen and inhabitants and the great number of foreigners which constantly resort to the said treat, to the great disturbance of the King's peace and abuse of the said treat; and for that the said treat or banquetting upon serious consideration is looked upon to be a thing altogether unnecessary and useless; therefore it is hereby ordered that the said treat . . . . shall for the future be clearly laid aside and none made. And the city being much in debt for money borrowed for the Foss dyke and for renewing the charter, 13l 13s. 4d. shall yearly be deducted from the Mayor's allowance of 90l., and 26l. 6s. 8d. from the sheriffs' allowance of 46l. p. 398.
The corporation in 1741 granted a lease of two-thirds of it for 999 years, at a rent of £50 per annum, and of the remaining third, for 99 years, at £25 per annum to Richard Ellison of Thorne, and it was re-opened in 1745.  Previously to this period coals were sold at twenty one shillings the chaldron ; but when Ellison cleared the canal, and re-opened the river in 1745, they were offered and sold at thirteen shillings. 

"From that time to the present, this long neglected canal has been improving, and the increasing number of vessels daily floating on its surface, renders it an almost inexhaustible mine of wealth to the lessee, an incalculable benefit to the commercial part of the city, and a never failing source of employment to the industrious poor."    
                      - The History of Lincoln; Containing an Account of Its Antiquities - 1825
The Great Northern Railway negotiated with the proprietors of the Witham and Fossdyke in 1846, to guarantee them an income by leasing the waterways.  Richard Ellison IV had agreed a lease for 894 years, at £9,570 per year, based on the average profit for the previous three years plus 5 per cent.

A series of takeovers and mergers resulted in its ownership changing several times, before it was nationalised, and became the responsibility of the British Waterways Board in 1948.

Today the Foss Dyke is a popular pleasure boating canal, boats from Lincoln and Boston can connect with the canals system of England, subject to beam width.

​Navigation through Lincoln and on to Boston was hampered by the shallow draught available under the medieval High Bridge, just below Brayford Pool. Sir Joseph Banks, when proposing the construction of the Horncastle Canal knew that the problem needed addressing, and William Jessop was commissioned to survey the Witham and the Fossdyke in 1791, with particular reference to the junction between the two. He proposed a bypass to the south of the city, using the Sincil Dyke, or excavating the channel beneath the bridge, although he recognized that this solution was not ideal, due to the narrow width of the bridge hole, and the lack of a towing path through it. However, the city was keen to keep trade within its limits, and improvements to High Bridge, which were completed by 1795, were authorised as part of the Horncastle Canal act of 1792.

The Ellison's failed to adequately maintain the canal 

The building of canals during the industrial revolution meant vessels from this area could travel on to Derbyshire, Nottingham, and Staffordshire bringing in coal, pottery, lime, and finished goods.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foss_Dyke
Picture
The Foss Dyke at Torksey is today a popular boat mooring place.

Click links to read more about the Ellisons
The Ellison Family               Boultham Hall 
See also:
High Bridge    Brayford     
See More Posts in the Transport section
The Horse Trams
The Electric Trams
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  • HOME
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  • Most Popular Pages/Articles
  • HISTORY
    • How Did Lincoln Get Its Name
    • Timeline of Lincoln's History
      • 48 A.D. to 410 A.D. Roman Period
      • 410 A.D. To 850 A.D. Early Medieval
      • 850 A.D. to 1350 A.D. High Medieval
      • 1350 A.D. to 1750 A.D. Early Modern
      • 1750 A.D. to 1945 A.D. Industrial
    • The Romans
    • The Danes
    • Conflict in Lincoln
      • The Battle of Lincoln
      • The Battle of Lincoln Fair
      • The Civil War
    • Lincoln's Reformation
    • 1790 Poll Book
    • Lincoln in 1810
    • The By-Election of 1823
    • Lincoln in 1855
    • 1903 Horse Fair
  • PEOPLE
    • Business & Professional
      • Akrill to Brogden
      • Brook to Dashper
      • Dickinson to Dyke
      • Ellison
      • Folley to Gresham
      • Hall to Hill
      • Hughes to Nelson
      • Newsum to Porter
      • Pratt to Seeley
      • Shuttleworth to Watkins
      • Watkins to Woodcook
      • Wriglesworth to Wyatt
    • City Mayors
      • 1314 to 1500
      • 1501 to 1700
      • 1701 to 1900
      • 1901 to
    • Architects
    • Bishops of Lincoln
    • Royal Visitors
    • Leonard James Keyworth, V.C.
    • James Anderton
    • Caroline Martyn
    • Lincoln Characters
    • The Italian Stone Man
    • They Gave Their Lives
    • Population
      • Population 1801 to 1901
      • Acreage and Population of Lincolnshire 1801 and 1871
    • Memories of Lincoln
  • PLACES
    • Street Names
      • 1872 Lincoln Street Directory
      • 1872 LIncoln Trade & Professional Directory
    • Domestic Buildings
      • Atton Place
      • Jews Court
      • Bracebridge Hall
        • Bracebridge Hall Club
      • Beaumont House
      • High Bridge
    • The Lost Houses of Lincoln
      • Boultham Hall
      • Cold Bath House
      • Eastcliffe House
      • Eastgate House
      • Hartsholme Hall
      • Monks Manor
      • Monks Tower
      • Sibthorp House
      • The Old House on Corporation Street
    • Places to visit in Lincoln
      • More Places to Visit in Lincoln
      • Around Lincoln
    • Religious Buildings
      • Lincoln Cathedral
      • The Churches
        • St Benedict and Old Kate
        • St Peter at Arches and St Giles Church
        • Lincoln Churches at the Reformation
      • The Close
      • The Priories & Friaries
      • The Malandry
      • Greestone Stairs
    • Entertainment
      • Lincolns Lost Cinemas
      • More Lost Cinemas
      • Pub, Inns, Hotels of Lincoln
        • The Dolphins
      • Horse Racing
      • Usher Gallery & Temple Gardens.
    • Other Buildings
      • Half Timbered Lincoln
      • Lincoln Castle
      • Lincoln's Gates
      • Lincoln Lunatic Asylum
      • The Bridge of Sighs
      • The Stonebow & Guildhall
    • Open Spaces
      • The Arboretum
      • The South Common
      • Boultham Park
      • Hartsholme Country Park
      • Steep Hill
      • Witham Valley Country Park
      • The Hidden Necropolis
    • Buildings of Local Importance
    • Lincoln's Listed Buildings
  • COMPANIES
    • Akrill to Penney
      • Akrill, Ruddock & Keyworth
      • Charles Duckering Ltd
      • Clarkes Crank & Forge
      • Clayton, Shuttleworth & Co
      • Doughty, Son & Richardson Ltd
      • F P Watson
      • H Newsum & Sons Ltd
      • Henry Poppleton & Sons
      • James Dawson & Son Ltd
      • John Cooke & Son (Lincoln) Limited
      • Lincoln Gas, Light and Coke Co
      • Mawer & Collingham
      • Penney & Co
    • Penney Porter to W Rainforth
      • Penney & Porter (1932) Ltd
      • JTB Porter & Co
      • R M Wright & Co Ltd
      • Robey
      • Ruston, Proctor & Co
      • Ruston & Hornsby Ltd
      • W Foster & Co
      • W Rainforth & Sons Ltd
      • More Companies
    • Old Adverts
      • 1853 Adverts
      • 1885 Adverts
      • 1901 Adverts
      • 1919 Adverts
      • 1941 Adverts
  • TRANSPORT
    • Foss Dyke
    • Mail Coach to London
    • The Horse Trams
    • The Electric Trams
  • WHAT THEY SAY
    • Quotes From the Famous
    • An American Tourists Perspective
    • Nathaniel Hawthorne
    • City of My Dreams
  • USEFUL LINKS
    • Local Links
    • UK Links
    • Events In Lincoln
    • Facebook Pages & Groups
    • Photographic Links
  • MAPS, IMAGES & VIDEOS
    • Photo Galleries
      • Greyfriars
      • Some Less Notable Buildings
      • More Less Notable Buildings
      • Look Up, Look Down, Look Around
    • A High Street Journey
    • A Journey Around Brayford Pool
    • Old Images of Lincoln
      • High Street, High Bridge and Stonebow
      • Lincoln's Waterside
      • Brayford
      • High Street - St Benedicts Square to St Mary Street
      • Steep Hill & Strait
      • Broadgate
      • The Bail
      • Lincoln Cathedral
      • Waterside - Stamp End
      • Silver Street
    • Lincoln Videos
    • Maps
      • Map Of Roman Lincoln
      • Lincoln in 12th c
      • Map of the Battle of Lincoln
      • Lincoln Map 1722
      • Lincoln Map 1779
      • Lincoln Map 1882
      • LIncoln Map 1898
      • Lincoln Map Early 20th Century
  • BOOKS ABOUT LINCOLN
    • It's About Lincoln books
    • Lincoln in Fiction
    • MY BLOGS
      • It's About Lincoln Blog
      • It's About Lincolnshire Blog
      • List of Blogposts
  • LINCOLNSHIRE
    • A Historical Description of the County of Lincolnshire